W016 Walz PHYTO-PAM-II Multiple Excitation Wavelength Phytoplankton & Photosynthesis Analyzer

PHYTO-PAM instruments facilitate measurements of mixed algae populations for analysis of composition and differences in the photosynthetic performance of up to four algae groups within one sample. These four phytoplankton groups have antennae with different spectral properties. Deconvolution is based on differences in the fluorescence emission induced by multiple wavelength excitation. The instruments feature extremely sensitive fluorescence detection down to a concentration of 0.1 µg Chl a/l; concentrations that are typically found in natural surface waters or coastal seawater. Differential analysis of the sample by PAM measurements such as saturation pulse quenching analysis, determination of effective PS II quantum yield, light response curves, and induction curves provide comprehensive data on the photosynthetic performance of the diverse algae. Additionally, a fast kinetics mode for assessment of the wavelength-dependent absorption cross section of PS II, σII(λ), based on the evaluation of the O-I1 kinetics is provided for single cultures.